Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks healthy tissues, causing inflammation and damage to organs such as the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, and lungs. Lupus is a systemic condition, meaning it can affect multiple parts of the body simultaneously.

Common lupus symptoms include:

• Persistent fatigue
• Joint pain, stiffness, and swelling
• Skin rashes, especially the butterfly-shaped rash on the face
• Photosensitivity (sensitivity to sunlight)
• Hair loss (alopecia)
• Mouth and nose ulcers
• Kidney problems (lupus nephritis), leading to blood or protein in the urine
• Cardiovascular issues such as pericarditis or hypertension
• Neurological symptoms like headaches, confusion, or seizures

Since lupus symptoms can mimic other conditions, it is important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosing lupus can be challenging because its symptoms vary widely among patients. Healthcare providers use a combination of clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, and imaging studies to confirm the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Key diagnostic tests include:

1. Blood tests

   • Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test – A positive result suggests autoimmune activity.
   • Anti-dsDNA and Anti-Smith antibodies – Specific markers that help confirm lupus.
   • Complete blood count (CBC) – May indicate anemia or low platelet levels.
   • C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) – Indicate inflammation.

2. Urine tests

   • Evaluate kidney function and check for protein or blood, which may signal lupus nephritis.

3. Imaging tests

   • X-rays, echocardiograms, and CT scans assess organ damage related to lupus.

4. Tissue biopsy

   • A kidney biopsy may be required to confirm lupus nephritis and guide treatment.

Blood tests

• Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test – A positive result suggests autoimmune activity.
• Anti-dsDNA and Anti-Smith antibodies – Specific markers that help confirm lupus.
• Complete blood count (CBC) – May indicate anemia or low platelet levels.
• C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) – Indicate inflammation.

Urine tests

• Evaluate kidney function and check for protein or blood, which may signal lupus nephritis.

Imaging tests

• X-rays, echocardiograms, and CT scans assess organ damage related to lupus.

Tissue biopsy

• A kidney biopsy may be required to confirm lupus nephritis and guide treatment.

If you suspect lupus based on symptoms such as fatigue, joint pain, or skin rashes, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis helps manage the disease more effectively.

Although there is no cure for lupus, various medications and lifestyle changes can help manage lupus symptoms and prevent flares. Treatment is individualized based on the severity of the disease and which organs are affected.

Common lupus medications include:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – Help reduce pain and inflammation in joints and muscles.
• Antimalarial drugs (e.g., hydroxychloroquine) – Help manage skin and joint symptoms and reduce the risk of flares.
• Corticosteroids – Powerful anti-inflammatory medicines used for severe symptoms, though long-term use requires caution.
• Immunosuppressants (e.g., methotrexate, azathioprine) – Suppress an overactive immune response to prevent organ damage.
• Biologic therapies (e.g., belimumab) – Target specific parts of the immune system to reduce lupus activity.
• Blood pressure and cholesterol medications – Address cardiovascular complications common in lupus patients.

In addition to medical treatment, patients are encouraged to adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle by eating a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, and working closely with healthcare providers to monitor their condition.

A lupus flare occurs when symptoms suddenly worsen, leading to increased inflammation and organ damage. Managing flares effectively is crucial to maintaining overall health and quality of life.

Common lupus flare triggers include:

• Stress
• Sun exposure
• Infections
• Certain medications
• Lack of sleep

Tips to manage and prevent lupus flares:

• Follow prescribed treatment plans and take medications regularly.
• Protect skin from UV rays by wearing sunscreen and protective clothing.
• Maintain a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Stay physically active with low-impact exercises such as swimming or yoga.
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques like meditation and deep breathing.
• Regularly monitor symptoms and report any changes to your healthcare provider.

If a flare occurs, it is important to rest, avoid known triggers, and consult your healthcare provider to adjust treatment as needed.

Living with lupus can be challenging, but a strong support network and access to reliable resources can make a significant difference. Healthcare providers, patient advocacy organizations, and online communities offer valuable support for individuals managing systemic lupus erythematosus.

Support options for lupus patients include:

• Healthcare providers – Regular check-ups with specialists such as rheumatologists and cardiologists to monitor lupus and cardiovascular health.
• Support groups – Connecting with other people with lupus through local and online groups can provide emotional and practical support.
• Educational resources – Access to credible websites, brochures, and community workshops to stay informed about lupus management strategies.
• Mental health support – Counseling and therapy can help cope with the emotional aspects of living with a chronic illness.

At Avicenna Cardiology, we are committed to supporting lupus patients through personalized medical care and comprehensive cardiovascular management. If you need help managing lupus and its impact on your heart health, schedule an appointment with us today.